We can always tell the present perfect tense of a verb: it always consists of have (or has) together with the perfect participle of the verb. Written," the word " written" is the perfect participle in " he has started writing," the word " started" is the perfect participle in " he has finished writing, the word "finished" is the perfect participle used with has to form the present perfect tense of the verb finish. The part of the verb that we use with have (and has) to form the present perfect tense is called the perfect participle. We always express the perfect tenses by verb phrases introduced by the auxiliary verbs have, has, had, will have, should have, etc. The verb " have written" is not in the present tense (for write is present) nor is it in the past tense (for wrote is past) it is in the present perfect tense. What we can say is, " I have written the novel"this verb tells that I completed the writing at the Nor can we use the past tense of the verb and say, " I wrote the novel," because that could mean I might have completed the novel a month ago, or years ago. But if we need to express that we finished an action in the present, we cannot use the present tense and say, " I write the novel," because that means I am doing the writing now. We call this tense the future perfectĮvery action must take place in present time, in past time, or in future time. In this sentence the verb phrase indicates that I will complete the act of writing at some time in the future. Notice the sentence: By this time tomorrow I shall have written the chapter. This statement shows that I had completed the act of writing at some definite time in the past. Notice this sentence: I had written the novel before I proofed it. We call this tense the present perfect tense. In other words, the action of the verb is completed at the time of speaking or writing. This means I wrote the novel at the time I made the statement. Notice the following sentence: I have written a novel. When the future verb has any other subject, we use the word " will" to form the future. NOTE When we use " I" or " We" as the subject of a verb in the future tense, we use the word " shall" to form the future. The future tense of a verb denotes future time. The past tense of a verb denotes past time. The present tense of a verb denotes present time. The present tense is sometimes called the simple form of the verb. Each of these time forms is called a tense of the verb.
To assist you in learning, the most common irregular English verbs have been grouped below, according to their ending patterns.A verb has three principal tenses: the present, the past, and the future.Įach tense refers to action taking place in one of the main divisions of time present time, past time, or future time.
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