The historical development and current status of flat-panel conebeam CT in four clinical areas-breast, fixed C-arm, image-guided radiation therapy, and extremity/head-is presented. We give a brief summary of conebeam CT reconstruction, followed by a brief review of the correction approaches for DFP-specific artifacts. In this review, we show the concurrent evolution of digital flat panel (DFP) technology and clinical conebeam CT. The development of consumer-electronics large-area displays provided a technical foundation that was leveraged in the 1990s to first produce large-area digital x-ray detectors for use in radiography and then compact flat panels suitable for high-resolution and high-frame-rate conebeam CT. However, the use of nonlinear imagers, e.g., x-ray image intensifiers, limited the clinical utility of the earliest diagnostic conebeam CT systems. Early implementations of conebeam CT in the 1980s focused on high-contrast applications where concurrent high resolution (<200 μm), for visualization of small contrast-filled vessels, bones, or teeth, was an imaging requirement that could not be met by the contemporaneous CT scanners. Research into conebeam CT concepts began as soon as the first clinical single-slice CT scanner was conceived. 7 Future Enabled by New DFP Developments.6.5 Clinical Applications for Extremities Imaging.6.4 Customization of Flat-Panel System for Extremities Imaging.6.3 Clinical Applications for CBCT Head Imaging.6.2 Customization of Flat-Panel CBCT for Head Imaging.6.1 Introduction to Dedicated Head and Extremities FPCT.6 Dedicated Head and Extremities Flat-Panel CBCT.5.3 Flat-Panel Conebeam Breast CT Systems.4.3 Motion-Compensated Reconstruction from Single-Sweep Acquisitions.
4.1 From XRIIs to DFPs: C-Arm Conebeam CT in the Interventional Suite.4 C-Arm FPCT in Angiography and Image-Guided Interventions.3.4 Clinical Adoption and Ongoing Challenges.3.3 Development of Integrated Cone-Beam CT for Image-Guided RT.3.2 Image-Guided Radiotherapy Requirements.3.1 Flat-Panel CT for Image-Guided Radiotherapy.3 FPCT (kV and MV) in Radiation Therapy.2.4 FP-Related Artifact Management in FPCT.2.3 Iterative Reconstruction and Deep-Learning.2.2 Feldkamp–Davis–Kress for Circular Trajectory.2.1 Exact Reconstruction Using Conebeam Backprojection.2 Reconstruction and Artifact Correction.
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